What's in a name? We've already met name and rs for any form of name or referring string. The namesdates module also provides specialisations of these: persName, placeName, and orgName Each can be further decomposed They can also be associated with a named entity (Names are also entities)

Personal Names

For example... persName (personal name) a noun referring to a person ... equivalent to name type="person" surname a family (inherited) name forename a forename, given or baptismal name roleName a name component indicating a particular role or position in society addName (additional name) nickname, epithet, alias, or any other descriptive phrase used within a personal name nameLink a connecting phrase or link used within a name but not regarded as part of it

Inês Barroca Rahtz

Names as referents (1)

In a text we might find the same person referred to on different occasions in any number of different ways: ...Clara Schumann.... Clara ....Frau Schumann

All of these names refer to the same entity

We can use an attribute on any naming element to specify which entity is being referenced: key if we are supplying an externally-defined code for the entity ref if we are pointing to a definition of the entity

Names as referents (2)

For example:- ...Clara Schumann.... Clara ....Frau Schumann Clara Josephine Wieck Schumann

The thing itself (1)

TEI provides special-purpose elements for maintaining structured information about named entities (as well as their names): person, place, event may be grouped into listPerson, listPlace, (and soon listEvent) relationships can also be modelled, explicitly using relation or implicitly by context Владимир Владимирович Маяковский Wladimir Maïakowski 7 July (OS) 1893, Baghdati, Georgia Poet and playwright, among the foremost representatives of early-20th century Russian Futurism.

Traits, states, and events

The scope of elements one might record for a named entity is large. The TEI provides three generic elements, and some specific ones.

We identify three main classes of information: characteristics or traits which do not, by and large, change over time characteristics or states which hold true only at a specific time events or incidents which may lead to a change of state or, less frequently, trait

For a person, typical traits are such things as faith, sex, socEcStatus; typical states are such things as occupation, residence, education; typical events are such things as birth and death.

Personal Relationships relationGrp (relation group) provides information about relationships identified amongst people, places, and organizations relation (relationship) describes any kind of relationship or linkage amongst a specified group of participants name supplies a name for the kind of relationship of which this is an instance active identifies the 'active' participants in a non-mutual relationship, or all the participants in a mutual one mutual supplies a list of participants amongst all of whom the relationship holds equally passive identifies the ‘passive’ participants in a non-mutual relationship

Example Johann Sebastian Bach Catharina Dorothea Bach Gottfried Heinrich Bach

Other kinds of entity org: a named collection of people regarded as a single unit, such as a business, institution, or tribe. place: a named location of any kind (including mythological and non-terrestrial places) These can be grouped in the same way (using listOrg or listPlace), and also have states, traits, and events.

Places Places can be identified solely in terms of geographical features or locations, e.g. mount Sinai More usually, they are identified in geo-political terms, using adminstrative units such as bloc, country, region, settlement, district physical location using geo and offset Note that all these things are traits — they may change over time

For example: Mayakovsky's birth place ბაღდათი Baghdati Mayakovsky Georgia Imereti West of River Khanistskali 42.102298,42.832947

4,700 people

Places can be nested (unlike people) Lithuania Lietuva Vilnius Kaunas

Sources

Responsibility and uncertainty about the sources can be asserted by using attributes from the att.editLike class: The Maxyans Libya According to Herodotus, they were a west Libyan tribe who said that they were descended from the men of Troy.

Dates and Periods

The support for dates in TEI P5 has concentrated on enabling greater use of international standards (W3C and ISO) date contains a date in any format time contains a phrase defining a time of day in any format

Example University of Leipzig The university was founded on December 2, 1409.

W3C Date Formats

Thanks to the mapping to W3C (att.datable.w3c) and ISO date formats, automatic processing and validation of expression of dates and times are now allowed

att.datable.w3c provides attributes for normalization of elements that contain datable events using the W3C datatypes when supplies the value of a date or time in a standard form notBefore specifies the earliest possible date for the event in standard form notAfter specifies the latest possible date for the event in standard form from indicates the starting point of the period in standard form to indicates the ending point of the period in standard form

The W3C standard form for dates is YYYY-MM-DD.

Example University of Leipzig The Alma mater Lipsiensis opened in 1409, after it had been officially endorsed by Pope Alexander V in his Bull of Acknowledgment on (September 9 of that year).

ISO Date Fomats

For some uses the subset of ISO 8601 which is used by the W3C might not be enough, so the TEI provides an optional att.datable.iso class to give the following attributes if needed: when-iso the value of a date or time in a standard form notBefore-iso the earliest possible date for the event notAfter-iso the latest possible date for the event from-iso the starting point of the period to-iso the ending point of the period dur-iso the length of this element in time

The ISO standard, for example, allows specifying dates and durations with a precision by omitting some digits to the left, while the W3C datatypes require in most cases conformance to a stricter precision.

Example

He arrived around noon. He arrived around noon.

Time Periods and Relative Chronology

Time periods and relative chronology can also be defined.

Hellenistic. Commonly treated as .

The city was built near a marble quarry which was extensively exploited in the Hellenistic and Roman periods.